![]() ![]() Some books such as Tolaat Yaakov, divide Pardes into Peshat, Remez, Din (law), and Sod. There is often considerable overlap, for example when legal understandings of a verse are influenced by mystical interpretations or when a "hint" is determined by comparing a word with other instances of the same word. Derash includes the metaphorical meaning, and Sod represents the hidden meaning. The Peshat means the plain or contextual meaning of the text. As a general rule, the extended meaning never contradicts the base meaning. Sod ( סוֹד) (pronounced with a long O as in 'lore') – "secret" ("mystery") or the esoteric/mystical meaning, as given through inspiration or revelation.Įach type of Pardes interpretation examines the extended meaning of a text.Derash ( דְּרַשׁ) – from Hebrew darash: "inquire" ("seek") – the comparative ( midrashic) meaning, as given through similar occurrences.Remez ( רֶמֶז) – "hints" or the deep (allegoric: hidden or symbolic) meaning beyond just the literal sense.Pesh at ( פְּשָׁט) – "surface" ("straight") or the literal (direct) meaning.The term, sometimes also rendered PaRDeS, is an acronym formed from the initials of the following four approaches: " Pardes" refers to (types of) approaches to biblical exegesis in rabbinic Judaism or to interpretation of text in Torah study. ![]()
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